Country 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Afghanistan 36.14 36.81 38.25 39.03 38.46 37.30 37.41 36.59 36.29 35.93 35.12 34.47 34.84 37.77 36.76 37.15 38.16 38.27 38.15
Algeria 11.94 12.84 12.71 12.57 13.12 13.23 13.94 14.09 14.37 14.29 14.23 14.26 13.80 13.62 13.68 13.75 13.64 14.17 14.13
Angola 36.13 36.33 35.96 36.67 37.08 36.67 35.97 35.50 35.52 33.22 33.52 34.12 36.39 36.93 36.14 37.27 38.62 39.09 38.37
Antigua and Barbuda 41.31 41.41 42.58 39.70 39.00 39.24 38.91 38.74 39.69 38.16 38.74 39.20 39.58 40.37 39.75 40.23 39.82 39.62 40.02
Argentina 27.73 27.76 27.65 26.55 26.55 26.44 25.70 25.35 22.09 23.57 23.51 23.36 23.60 23.89 23.66 23.89 23.91 23.90 23.62
Armenia 35.81 35.25 34.69 33.16 31.79 31.94 31.19
Azerbaijan 46.56 39.20 40.11 38.96 33.55 30.50 27.25
Bahrain 39.23 35.90 34.84 34.76 34.70 34.47 34.04 33.66 32.26 31.94 31.45 33.42 34.43 34.41 33.79 33.57 33.46 33.22 33.42
Bangladesh 31.30 31.14 30.63 30.24 29.13 29.24 28.11 27.82 26.97 27.15 26.83 26.26 25.04 24.53 24.46 24.28 24.45 24.70 24.40
Barbados 24.92 23.67 23.80 24.62 24.51 24.54 23.65 22.93 22.60 22.81 27.18 27.16 26.93 26.25 25.14 24.54 24.24 24.09 24.26
Belize 51.60 50.44 50.43 49.61 48.43 46.47 45.51 45.43 45.49 45.43 45.56 46.16 45.97 44.04 44.09 43.59 42.99 42.75 42.19
Benin 46.45 45.95 44.10 41.96 40.55 39.61 40.41 39.41 37.92 35.40 32.63 32.71 32.84 33.08 34.90 34.90 34.85 35.15 34.60
Bhutan 47.93 47.75 47.64 45.97 44.12 43.89 45.25 45.20 43.82 42.45 40.91 39.95 38.60 38.64 36.13 35.92 35.54 35.23 35.20
Bolivia 33.36 33.22 33.00 30.81 30.45 30.79 30.50 31.41 31.10 31.44 31.19 31.14 31.37 31.68 31.53 31.61 31.92 31.97 31.74
Botswana 47.06 46.38 42.87 42.52 42.28 42.32 41.84 41.04 39.41 42.14 41.96 42.42 40.12 41.91 41.97 42.49 41.72 42.25 42.40
Brazil 21.37 21.40 21.54 19.69 20.14 19.88 19.53 18.90 18.41 19.07 19.04 18.87 19.58 19.48 20.83 20.81 20.77 20.81 20.58
Brunei 33.20 32.97 32.73 32.75 32.79 33.67 31.39 31.46 31.91 32.13 31.86 30.92 30.49 30.30 29.91 29.89 29.41 29.09 28.74
Burkina Faso 38.54 37.77 35.72 35.80 36.06 36.08 36.49 37.34 35.94 37.16 34.81 36.76 37.25 36.91 38.08 36.37 36.62 36.28 36.34
Burundi 54.33 53.55 54.10 53.42 52.84 54.39 53.20 52.08 54.12 53.89 54.10 51.96 51.39 50.56 49.64 50.57 45.45 45.19 43.45
Cabo Verde 41.56 40.34 40.47 41.14 38.98 39.19 38.44 38.36 37.51 38.02 37.78 38.19 36.95 36.85 37.09 36.30 35.62 35.87 35.23
Cambodia 52.95 53.18 52.70 53.34 53.09 51.41 49.28 46.30 45.13 44.94 43.67 39.82 38.73 37.08 35.47 35.26 34.39 32.28 32.24
Cameroon 27.44 27.52 27.67 27.49 27.13 27.36 27.18 26.78 26.44 26.22 21.98 21.64 21.91 21.24 20.61 20.00 17.70 17.54 17.47
Central African Republic 32.84 32.60 32.63 32.56 33.49 33.17 32.67 32.24 31.69 31.71 31.28 30.88 30.75 31.75 31.85 31.21 31.10 30.88 28.39
Chad 44.07 41.58 39.75 38.39 52.49 48.97 50.06 49.58 49.99 50.13 51.18 51.59 51.84 52.70 54.39 54.21 54.70 55.12 55.35
Chile 25.33 25.33 25.42 25.47 25.02 23.87 23.94 24.04 24.25 24.26 25.97 26.06 26.09 25.92 26.07 26.32 26.21 26.17 26.23
China 23.93 23.77 23.06 23.26 22.84 22.52 22.24 21.65 21.46 22.52 22.07 21.12 20.37 19.98 19.61 19.43 19.31 19.12 18.82
Colombia 19.63 19.38 18.96 18.61 18.96 19.29 19.06 20.01 20.25 20.65 21.65 22.13 22.44 22.72 22.75 22.43 21.98 21.60 21.67
Comoros 51.22 48.86 49.18 49.98 51.98 51.30 50.10 49.26 48.37 48.81 48.02 47.35 48.11 48.43 46.84 46.99 47.00 46.88 46.27
Congo, Dem. Rep. 34.20 34.52 36.79 36.03 32.98 29.66 29.54 29.10 28.17 28.58 28.20 26.49 25.50 25.05 24.90 24.53 24.40 24.21 22.80
Congo, Rep 26.29 26.63 26.71 26.89 26.63 26.44 26.22 27.67 27.39 27.15 26.91 26.60 26.84 26.80 26.13 25.07 24.55 24.20 24.96
Costa Rica 26.44 26.57 26.46 26.37 26.64 26.90 27.03 27.02 27.00 26.85 27.00 27.14 27.45 27.64 27.53 26.94 24.90 24.44 24.60
Cote d'Ivoire 20.99 19.23 19.31 20.13 19.96 19.26 18.97 19.60 19.99 20.09 20.13 20.05 19.55 19.36 17.82 17.35 16.38 17.24 17.30
Cuba 31.91 32.83 32.69 32.99 33.59 36.08 36.30 36.04 35.76 35.24 34.83 34.18 33.55 32.94 32.21 32.42 33.38 34.37 33.90
Cyprus 17.30 17.09 17.19 17.51 17.31 17.75 17.80 17.05 16.83 17.01 16.85 16.46 15.15 15.22 15.72 14.25 14.54 14.32 14.24
Djibouti 58.26 57.46 57.51 56.30 55.86 56.49 57.46 59.13 60.56 64.57 63.61 47.33 46.57 42.88 42.65 44.03 46.67 46.47 46.77
Dominica 46.79 42.92 42.75 43.22 39.12 37.27 34.79 37.71 38.07 38.14 37.76 37.47 37.80 37.90 37.52 41.63 41.36 43.03 42.72
Dominican Republic 23.03 23.25 23.03 23.33 23.43 23.56 23.72 23.79 22.55 22.61 22.38 22.30 21.95 21.81 21.76 21.67 23.27 23.26 22.91
Ecuador 30.51 30.78 30.12 29.27 29.48 29.80 30.63 30.67 29.53 29.21 29.01 28.54 27.72 27.82 27.62 28.04 28.08 27.67 27.85
Egypt 16.08 15.75 16.23 15.62 16.52 16.99 17.34 17.45 17.21 18.36 18.08 17.83 16.99 16.94 16.46 16.18 16.74 20.89 21.05
El Salvador 29.63 31.38 31.46 31.76 30.79 31.02 30.82 30.95 31.08 31.46 29.41 29.19 28.91 28.06 27.98 28.04 27.81 26.98 27.05
Equatorial Guinea 46.16 45.86 46.24 46.37 45.81 46.13 46.33 46.19 46.49 47.68 47.67 44.88 42.74 41.55 38.95 33.03 27.14 26.89 23.93
Eritrea 59.41 59.09 58.98 58.63 58.29 57.81
Ethiopia 32.78 32.32 32.28 31.82 31.63 32.52
Fiji 43.23 43.47 43.60 43.27 41.68 41.41 40.77 40.39 39.00 39.05 39.50 39.41 40.03 39.02 38.58 38.72 39.93 39.60 39.10
Gabon 30.52 30.93 31.11 30.97 30.75 30.48 29.96 29.10 23.76 22.50 24.43 24.68 29.18 28.98 28.45 28.36 27.32 26.89 25.25
Georgia 42.00 32.15 30.65 29.67 25.90 25.19 25.25
Ghana 43.01 43.99 44.00 37.63 40.55 41.43 41.12 41.18 41.02 40.77 40.82 38.02 37.57 37.09 37.32 36.22 36.58 37.59 37.37
Grenada 32.81 33.37 34.16 34.16 40.23 44.55 44.66 44.68 44.73 44.94 44.14 44.10 43.72 43.27 45.80 45.48 45.23 45.38 45.85
Guatemala 20.78 19.65 19.86 20.07 20.30 21.58 21.55 20.88 21.11 22.98 23.20 23.31 23.69 23.64 23.87 23.67 23.56 23.51 23.57
Guinea 24.75 27.80 27.69 27.15 26.95 27.15 27.47 28.07 28.16 28.02 27.18 26.69 26.10 26.60 26.63 26.42 26.62 31.65 31.77
Guinea-Bissau 57.03 57.44 61.66 63.04 61.26 61.60 61.24 57.65 57.02 56.69 57.28 57.18 58.39 54.07 53.26 53.29 51.72 49.43 49.36
Guyana 58.69 57.36 56.05 56.37 56.50 57.72 57.46 56.19 55.68 54.12 53.77 49.83 50.19 49.98 50.08 50.76 50.36 49.03 49.34
Haiti 36.30 36.14 36.76 36.98 37.41 37.46 37.23 37.48 35.10 34.96 35.31 34.90 34.43 33.59 33.13 28.80 29.91 30.05 30.27
Honduras 27.86 27.71 27.52 27.93 28.81 28.92 28.57 28.39 28.29 29.39 29.27 29.21 29.36 29.27 29.28 28.73 28.67 28.59 27.67
India 23.28 22.89 23.54 23.04 23.37 23.24 22.98 22.55 21.98 22.51 22.26 21.97 21.80 21.46 21.56 22.34 21.78 21.31 20.52
Indonesia 24.40 24.23 24.22 24.19 24.50 24.36 23.99 23.73 23.42 22.92 22.91 22.66 22.47 22.35
Iran 35.47 32.78 30.60 29.19 28.97 27.85 26.64 23.26 24.36 23.84 22.56 22.04 23.14 22.88 22.30 21.99 24.26 24.31 25.03
Iraq 45.33 45.10 45.16 45.91 45.61 45.42 46.62 46.47 46.30 46.17 45.80 45.07 43.44 43.44 43.17 39.55 26.43 26.66 27.48
Israel 11.37 12.28 12.74 12.82 13.01 12.79 12.28 12.13 11.30 12.07 13.46 12.63 11.68 18.90 18.71 19.05 19.08 18.80 18.52
Jamaica 36.89 36.78 37.02 37.05 37.67 38.01 37.96 37.78 36.68 35.86 34.04 32.32 32.59 31.90 31.59 29.96 30.10 30.11 30.32
Jordan 23.51 23.47 23.15 22.88 23.22 23.12 23.05 21.90 21.28 20.65 19.95 19.49 19.06 18.11 17.91 17.87 17.29 17.30 17.15
Kazakhstan 27.95 27.66 27.09 25.89 25.15 22.07 22.23
Kenya 32.43 32.33 31.98 31.89 31.66 31.54 31.32 31.02 30.70 30.23 29.94 30.00 29.67 29.33 26.88 26.40 26.22 26.26 26.09
Kiribati 84.98 84.75 85.40 85.61 84.80 82.71 81.80 80.72 79.66 78.29 84.31 83.20 80.08 77.26 75.30 75.96 75.96 76.02 76.26
Korea, Dem. Rep. 38.21 38.79 39.00 39.01 39.12 38.70 38.28 38.79 38.86 37.83 37.29 36.53 31.44 31.56 30.98 31.43 29.58 28.97 27.87
Korea, Rep 16.92 16.98 17.22 17.29 16.73 16.68 16.02 15.22 14.66 14.79 13.95 13.29 12.44 12.18 11.91 11.59 11.47 11.47 11.62
Kuwait 23.86 23.70 23.67 23.70 23.35
Kyrgyzstan 32.23 31.77 29.84 30.42 29.23 29.21 28.79
Laos, RPD 49.96 51.63 52.67 53.91 54.27 47.98 47.44 43.88 42.92 40.63 39.26 37.70 36.49 36.33 36.02 35.02 34.19 33.93 34.03
Lebanon 42.90 43.49 43.50 43.73 39.58 39.13 38.98 39.25 29.30 28.54 26.75 25.53 21.31 16.08 15.10 19.22 19.33 19.26 19.09
Lesotho 41.62 41.27 42.37 40.99 40.85 41.27 41.39 41.69 41.20 41.61 41.72 41.62 40.73 40.88 41.03 41.24 41.27 41.32 41.26
Liberia 65.77 65.48 65.56 67.72 68.18 68.69 68.62 68.41 67.36 67.01 59.14 58.64 56.93 56.97 57.03 55.75 53.47 51.13 50.51
Libya 22.34 18.06 18.09 18.70 19.09 18.97 19.07 19.14 18.63 18.40 18.33 27.14 27.79 35.72 38.54 38.06 37.51 37.48 37.84
Madagascar 31.17 29.72 34.21 34.20 34.24 34.48 34.08 35.12 35.28 35.42 34.49 34.39 34.51 34.69 35.33 35.31 35.52 36.94 36.74
Malawi 44.85 43.34 44.30 45.78 45.48 44.68 44.34 44.32 43.91 43.39 42.85 42.07 40.15 39.66 40.07 40.45 41.02 41.30 41.62
Malaysia 19.17 20.13 19.75 19.80 19.91 19.88 19.35 19.54 19.08 19.51 19.25 18.95 18.61 18.45 20.72 20.75 20.73 20.71 20.72
Maldives 38.92 38.78 38.83 39.63 46.12 48.25 48.89 49.68 49.92 49.47 48.73 47.77 47.40 47.67 47.55 47.84 48.29 48.64 48.67
Mali 42.94 40.69 39.18 39.77 40.06 40.02 40.06 40.28 40.21 40.51 40.63 40.36 39.98 39.65 38.57 35.73 35.74 35.00 35.63
Marshall Is. 60.40 60.31 64.21 64.39 66.32 65.68 65.40 65.46
Mauritania 39.84 40.87 39.69 40.62 40.48 39.71 47.29 46.77 46.54 46.00 45.90 45.23 44.91 44.53 44.15 43.87 43.29 43.49 43.46
Mauritius 32.15 31.69 29.47 29.04 28.48 27.71 27.10 26.98 26.72 25.97 25.98 22.89 22.75 22.87 22.75 22.32 22.29 22.43 25.96
Mexico 18.82 18.93 19.25 19.48 19.53 19.80 19.76 20.09 20.31 20.85 20.98 20.93 20.00 17.85 17.67 17.28 17.19 17.19 17.36
Micronesia (Federated States of) 62.05 63.52 63.85 64.45 56.46 57.17 57.28 57.18
Mongolia 40.52 40.59 40.55 40.97 41.61 41.43 41.62 41.17 41.05 41.52 41.58 41.16 39.20 37.40 37.93 38.07 37.95 37.85 36.29
Morocco 17.59 17.45 16.97 17.31 16.85 16.29 16.20 15.93 15.90 16.35 16.56 16.45 14.93 14.84 15.02 14.30 15.29 16.57 16.64
Mozambique 40.17 39.82 40.17 40.62 40.76 40.87 40.58 39.86 39.75 39.43 40.73 39.82 39.81 39.47 37.98 37.97 37.72 37.71 38.20
Myanmar 32.94 32.10 31.50 32.97 31.86 31.90 31.76 31.73 33.94 33.75 33.52 33.47 32.29 31.61 31.47 31.90 29.81 29.00 28.29
Namibia 39.54 38.42 38.57 38.50 37.70 37.09 37.02 36.10 35.95 35.98 36.03 35.15 35.06 35.62 35.55 35.70 35.75 36.17 36.24
Nauru 66.87 66.78 66.05 65.09 64.58 61.60 62.83 60.67 64.44 65.51 65.20 65.86 65.76 66.02 65.10 59.96 57.77 57.44 56.05
Nepal 32.68 32.44 33.57 32.88 32.41 32.25 32.09 31.23 30.43 30.06 29.02 27.57 27.16 26.68 26.64 28.06 27.88 28.18 26.26
Nicaragua 38.31 34.46 33.00 33.00 31.36 30.58 30.35 30.44 30.47 30.56 30.15 29.81 28.50 28.37 28.67 28.53 28.43 28.19 27.53
Niger 38.31 38.73 36.86 36.02 34.41 34.72 34.58 35.02 35.23 36.64 36.47 36.13 36.06 35.60 35.39 34.54 34.49 33.80 33.89
Nigeria 27.44 26.74 26.71 23.61 23.65 23.97 29.22 29.51 30.17 32.23 32.39 32.04 32.72 33.81 33.49 33.58 33.62 33.28 33.28
Oman 22.30 21.98 22.50 21.80 21.87 22.36 24.23 27.36 26.95 26.56 27.22 26.63 25.98 25.52 25.34 25.69 25.59 25.09 24.89
Pakistan 23.48 23.59 23.52 23.73 23.29 23.13 22.37 21.98 21.91 21.29 21.94 21.40 20.62 19.95 20.00 20.29 20.29 20.20 19.81
Palau 71.38 71.30 71.06 71.49 72.19 72.93 72.99 72.90 72.53 72.27 72.14 72.07 69.57 68.62 66.89 62.80 62.43 62.30 62.65
Panama 31.54 30.80 31.18 30.77 29.43 28.98 28.85 29.45 29.00 29.12 29.34 28.88 25.33 25.46 25.72 25.77 25.80 25.85 25.84
Papua New Guinea 33.11 33.17 33.24 33.00 32.89 32.82 32.85 32.99 32.86 32.79 32.24 31.01 30.65 30.38 30.29 31.74 31.51 31.09 29.44
Paraguay 41.44 42.36 43.00 42.63 41.24 41.07 39.85 40.01 39.29 40.19 41.29 41.04 42.64 42.67 42.04 41.86 40.57 40.40 40.47
Peru 28.16 28.17 28.03 27.61 27.75 27.25 26.38 26.70 26.50 26.58 25.49 25.65 25.31 24.69 24.30 24.37 24.45 24.83 25.03
Philippines 31.90 30.40 29.55 29.48 29.24 28.93 27.59 27.31 27.08 27.28 26.81 26.23 25.43 24.91 24.43 24.59 25.09 25.76 24.78
Qatar 32.24 31.96 31.57 32.60 32.75 32.23 31.79 31.33 30.72 29.81 29.72 28.99 28.69 27.89 27.88 28.23 28.19 27.63 27.60
Rwanda 44.37 45.80 46.11 47.24 47.56 47.14 46.67 45.97 46.16 45.63 45.41 44.81 42.92 39.83 37.74 35.55 35.54 35.69 35.76
Samoa 59.36 59.74 59.12 55.87 54.30 54.33 53.58 53.84 54.11 52.73 48.08 42.69 43.80 43.31 42.23 39.94 40.07 40.14 40.10
Sao Tome and Principe 57.65 56.01 56.67 46.16 46.71 44.28 43.36 44.00 43.94 41.94 41.30 37.00 36.41 37.69 41.18 41.74 41.05 41.79 41.67
Saudi Arabia 25.40 22.50 18.79 18.57 18.22 18.08 17.27 16.40 16.15 16.07 15.27 14.70 14.41 14.04 14.20 13.50 13.10 12.63 12.70
Senegal 35.73 34.31 32.31 31.88 30.73 29.84 29.78 29.83 30.67 31.80 32.15 32.83 32.51 32.44 32.66 32.74 32.43 32.35 32.17
Seychelles 42.71 42.60 46.06 46.16 46.52 45.82 45.32 45.26 44.68 43.88 44.44 44.86 45.60 45.95 46.36 45.30 44.09 43.51 43.31
Sierra Leone 37.16 36.69 38.40 43.38 43.54 43.95 43.76 43.13 43.12 42.83 42.63 42.49 50.30 49.60 49.31 54.57 50.06 49.76 52.54
Singapore 32.24 32.31 32.63 33.08 33.15 33.01 32.10 31.74 31.21 31.67 31.14 30.29 29.56 28.71 28.74 28.67 28.88 28.81 28.85
Solomon Is. 55.16 56.53 56.39 57.47 58.04 57.13 55.48 55.29 53.49 51.88 50.69 51.27 51.08 48.31 49.52 50.16 50.67 50.45 50.57
Somalia 49.63 48.56 48.14 47.61 45.79 42.16 41.54 39.05 37.94 37.73 38.64 36.56 35.58 34.71 34.99 35.35 35.25 34.42 33.53
South Africa 22.51 22.52 22.07 21.92 23.99 24.02 23.91 23.86 24.08 24.28 23.98 23.61 22.65 22.59 22.48 22.52 22.58 22.59 22.62
South Sudan 47.06 45.41 53.74 54.02 53.28 53.02 54.08 54.02 53.89
Sri Lanka 26.70 26.63 26.37 26.41 25.80 25.66 25.19 24.15 24.27 24.68 24.84 24.38 23.96 23.85 24.21 23.88 23.53 23.52 23.44
St. Kitts and Nevis 45.80 45.13 44.86 43.88 43.69 46.21 48.59 48.80 49.22 51.98 51.83 51.33 51.23 51.27 51.16 50.74 50.50 50.41 46.63
St. Lucia 41.68 40.96 40.59 36.84 36.45 35.79 35.09 35.37 33.81 33.33 41.72 41.91 41.62 42.25 42.83 42.18 40.34 40.04 40.18
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 43.24 43.17 43.16 42.39 42.40 42.48 43.44 42.73 42.50 41.65 44.83 43.99 42.08 40.96 40.77 40.28 40.33 40.00 40.33
Sudan 46.81 46.89 46.30 44.91 44.36 44.38 43.37 42.88 43.29 47.84 48.00 45.92 45.96 46.49 49.14 48.76 48.14 47.66 47.58
Suriname 61.17 61.47 61.79 61.88 61.30 61.35 68.33 68.58 68.80 69.26 69.60 69.82 69.57 63.57 50.17 49.29 49.68 50.42 51.03
Swaziland 41.92 42.20 41.05 41.01 39.93 40.27 37.67 37.06 37.46 37.66 37.87 38.75 38.44 38.34 38.55 38.59 38.84 38.27 38.51
Syria 22.37 22.62 23.32 25.44 24.43 23.94 23.25 21.26 23.77 23.95 23.57 24.29 28.22 28.95 31.24 31.18 30.90 31.32 31.66
Tajikistan 35.63 36.03 35.63 35.04 34.49 34.34 34.28
Tanzania 43.33 41.86 42.81 43.40 41.64 39.57 37.76 30.58 29.97 29.66 29.93 30.06 28.68 29.11 29.10 28.64 27.28 27.49 25.68
Thailand 25.04 25.44 25.67 25.79 24.32 24.26 24.09 23.92 24.07 24.25 24.37 23.87 23.86 23.69 23.80 24.08 24.15 23.48 23.48
The Bahamas 33.31 33.30 32.55 33.00 39.18 39.40 39.56 40.23 40.28 38.54 38.80 39.58 39.23 39.29 38.82 38.25 37.68 37.38 37.33
The Gambia 48.36 46.13 45.73 58.83 56.66 56.44 65.70 66.10 66.06 66.59 66.97 67.09 69.20 69.38 69.97 70.02 69.82 70.05 70.04
Timor-Leste 54.45 53.74 53.82 54.24 54.32 54.25 57.14 57.11 56.15
Togo 37.69 37.02 37.03 37.38 36.71 35.21 34.95 35.01 35.10 32.90 32.63 32.45 31.78 31.08 28.33 27.50 27.01 26.96 26.51
Tonga 67.33 67.86 63.77 63.06 60.37 60.39 60.58 62.33 61.65 60.99 60.69 59.88 59.47 60.30 56.59 56.05 58.06 58.25 58.88
Trinidad and Tobago 23.95 23.31 24.32 24.90 26.87 27.28 27.27 27.53 28.58 30.07 29.67 29.35 29.56 30.65 31.73 31.62 32.12 31.30 31.38
Tunisia 23.21 23.86 24.15 23.83 23.87 23.70 23.63 23.54 23.52 22.49 18.83 18.83 18.31 18.26 18.18 17.94 16.36 16.43 16.39
Turkey 16.22 13.72 13.70 13.52 12.98 12.25 11.98 11.37 11.20 11.43 11.45 11.47 11.35 11.29 10.88 10.58 10.15 10.10 8.35
Turkmenistan 44.23 44.68 43.87 36.56 35.33 33.63 32.26
Tuvalu 71.47 76.70 75.74 75.96 75.99 75.40 75.22 75.45 75.35 74.69 68.89 68.94 68.33 68.82 67.76 77.14 76.63 76.56 76.45
Uganda 36.43 35.41 34.93 33.86 33.33 32.54 31.95 32.09 34.28 34.17 33.77 33.75 33.36 32.57 32.80 32.61 33.16 31.72 31.39
United Arab Emirates 33.75 34.25 34.15 34.61 34.56 33.76 33.34 30.91 30.31 28.99 28.46 29.09 28.78 28.49 28.21 27.87 27.53 26.80 26.93
Uruguay 27.95 28.94 29.40 29.09 29.50 29.63 29.03 31.32 30.72 30.54 30.51 30.40 30.40 30.60 30.64 30.85 31.22 31.30 31.56
Uzbekistan 32.71 32.63 32.47 29.31 24.54 24.97 25.02
Vanuatu 52.91 51.76 51.71 51.01 50.25 48.82 49.24 48.14 47.78 47.19 47.40 46.16 46.06 45.07 44.25 44.13 44.46 44.27 43.04
Venezuela 20.15 20.79 21.85 22.90 23.42 23.29 23.06 23.52 23.48 23.75 23.93 24.24 24.43 24.07 24.09 23.89 23.99 23.81 25.13
Vietnam 36.76 36.76 36.56 36.00 35.69 34.99 34.32 33.91 33.75 33.34 32.21 31.50 31.01 30.93 29.55 29.50 29.47 29.43 29.25
Yemen 46.69 47.19 47.04 46.95 46.63 46.43 46.36 46.07 46.16 44.34 42.27 40.29 37.68 34.67 32.54 32.84 38.46 36.11 36.31
Zambia 39.51 39.60 39.74 38.26 37.97 38.64 39.06 42.27 42.76 43.73 44.21 43.81 43.17 42.85 41.17 40.52 39.08 38.56 37.97
Zimbabwe 42.49 50.40 54.07 54.44 56.22 57.36 57.01 59.46 58.94 59.71 59.53 58.67 58.61 57.97 58.10 58.38 57.59 57.71 57.89
Least Developped Countries 44.93 44.68 44.81 44.97 44.85 44.13 44.24 43.72 43.49 43.34 43.17 42.09 41.94 41.64 41.30 41.27 41.01 40.84 40.53
North America 32.81 33.37 34.16 34.16 40.23 44.55 44.66 44.68 44.73 44.94 44.14 44.10 43.72 43.27 45.80 45.48 45.23 45.38 45.85
East Asia and Pacific 44.21 44.56 44.26 44.29 43.87 42.42 41.83 41.43 41.12 40.81 40.23 41.04 40.26 39.83 39.35 39.30 39.19 38.95 38.66
Europe and Central Asia 16.76 15.41 15.45 15.51 15.14 15.00 14.89 14.21 14.01 14.22 14.15 13.96 32.36 30.59 30.09 28.38 26.47 25.63 24.88
Latin America and Caribbean 33.41 33.13 33.16 32.82 33.00 33.23 33.24 33.43 33.10 33.26 33.67 33.44 33.24 32.85 32.45 32.26 32.14 32.07 32.00
Middle East and North Africa 29.44 28.83 28.50 28.53 28.27 28.07 28.08 27.74 27.17 27.08 26.45 25.78 25.29 25.31 25.20 25.19 24.92 24.99 25.10
South Asian 32.55 32.50 32.79 32.62 32.84 32.87 32.79 32.40 31.95 31.69 33.79 33.06 32.58 32.75 32.41 32.67 33.01 33.02 32.51
SubSaharan Africa 40.11 39.83 39.92 39.85 39.90 39.50 39.66 39.37 39.12 39.18 39.01 38.45 38.60 38.74 38.54 38.22 37.60 37.58 37.39
Small Islands developing countries 45.30 45.01 45.03 44.59 44.75 44.70 44.63 44.45 44.14 43.85 44.25 44.50 44.28 43.88 43.34 42.98 42.98 42.89 42.76
High income countries 29.59 29.18 29.09 29.05 29.37 29.51 29.31 29.28 29.12 29.17 29.43 29.13 28.74 28.98 28.45 27.98 27.57 27.30 26.96
High income OECD 17.87 18.19 18.46 18.53 18.25 17.78 17.41 17.13 16.74 17.04 17.80 17.32 16.74 19.00 18.89 18.99 18.92 18.81 18.79
High income non OECD 31.94 31.37 31.21 31.15 31.59 31.85 31.69 31.71 31.59 31.60 31.76 31.49 31.14 30.97 30.24 29.66 29.19 28.89 28.49
Low income countries 41.26 41.05 41.40 42.09 42.14 41.60 41.56 40.97 40.71 40.54 39.97 39.42 39.04 39.11 38.76 38.54 37.98 37.84 37.54
Lower middle income 38.60 38.38 38.27 37.56 37.25 36.60 36.58 36.44 36.36 36.51 36.88 36.32 36.15 35.55 35.34 34.97 34.80 34.79 34.58
Upper middle income countries 34.77 34.62 34.37 34.17 34.17 34.15 34.12 34.06 33.34 33.24 33.14 33.71 33.81 33.53 33.14 33.05 32.54 32.41 32.37
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Slot 0 Countries Slot 1 Years Slot 2 EVI

Composition of this index

Exposure (50.00%) / Component / Total
Size sub-index 25.00% 12.50%
Location sub-index 25.00% 12.50%
Export concentration sub-index 12.50% 6.25%
Share of agriculture sub-index 12.50% 6.25%
Population in LECZ sub-index 25.00% 12.50%
Size and likelihood of shocks (50.00%) / Component / Total
Natural disasters sub-index 25.00% 12.50%
Trade shock sub-index 50.00% 25.00%
Agriculture instability sub-index 25.00% 12.50%
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